By JOÃO DOS REIS SILVA JUNIOR*

In the 2024 campaign for the US presidency, Trump was the star lookalike of Hynkel and John Wayne, leading many experts to doubt his mental health.

When I was thinking about writing this article, two Hollywood situations came to mind: a film by Charles Chaplin (1940) and a posture by John Wayne (1973). I take the liberty of preceding the theme of this text by commenting on these two references.

Charlie Chaplin and the power of art

I remembered a specific scene, one of the most iconic and memorable sequences of The great dictator, directed by Charlie Chaplin: the famous “Dance of the Globe”. In this scene, Chaplin brings to life Adenoid Hynkel, a satire of Adolf Hitler, in his luxurious office. The sequence begins with Hynkel, dressed in a military uniform, taking the stage in his grand office. The walls are adorned with symbols of authority and oppression, while the lighting gives an almost divine aura around the dictator.

On Hynkel’s desk sits an inflatable globe that represents his ambition to dominate the world. With a maniacal smile and an expression of complete satisfaction, Hynkel begins to play with the globe, kicking it, throwing it in the air and balancing it with an almost poetic lightness. The soundtrack features a classical composition that harmonizes perfectly with the dictator’s graceful and subtle movements. Each contact with the globe carries a strong symbolism, reflecting both his power and the fragility of his aspirations.

The choreography is carefully rehearsed, with Hynkel spinning and dancing alongside the globe as if in a trance. At times, he kneels and embraces the globe in a tender embrace, as if in love with the world he wants to control. At other times, he tosses it in the air with disdain, demonstrating his arrogance and disdain for everything around him. As the dance progresses, Hynkel’s facial expressions shift between joy and anger, revealing the duality of his personality: a man fascinated by his own power, but equally consumed by paranoia.

The climax of the scene occurs when, in a sudden gesture, the globe bursts, leaving Hynkel stunned and confused. This sequence serves as a scathing critique of totalitarianism and the exaggerated ego of dictators, illustrating how their grandiose ambitions are essentially fragile and illusory. Through the union of humor and depth, Chaplin manages to convey a meaningful message about the essence of power and the vulnerability of tyrants.

I also imagine that a powerful expression by Charlie Chaplin regarding the subject of his film could be used as an epigraph to this article: “The path of life may be free and beautiful, but we have lost our way. Greed has poisoned men’s souls, built walls of hatred in the world, and made us goose-step towards misery and bloodshed.”

John Wayne and White Supremacy

On March 27, 1973, at the 45th Academy Awards ceremony, Marlon Brando received the Best Actor award for his performance in The Godfather. However, Marlon Brando decided to decline the award as a form of protest against the way Native Americans were treated by the film industry. To this end, he sent Native American activist Sacheen Littlefeather to decline the award and read a speech on his behalf.

Sacheen Littlefeather appeared on stage in traditional garb and explained that Marlon Brando could not accept the honor due to the film industry's treatment of Native Americans and the recent events at Wounded Knee. During her speech, she received both boos and applause, while some of the evening's presenters made fun of her protest. Backstage, actor John Wayne, notorious for his racist views, had to be restrained by six security guards to prevent a possible physical assault on Littlefeather.

John Wayne was an outspoken advocate of white supremacy and harbored significant prejudices against indigenous people and people of African descent. John Wayne's reaction and the public's responses highlighted the racism and discrimination that were deeply rooted in that historical period. After the event, Sacheen Littlefeather faced countless adversities; she was the target of hostility and was ignored by the entertainment industry. However, her bravery and dignity in representing Marlon Brando and his protests against injustices left a significant legacy in the fight for Native American rights.

And as a second epigraph, it is worth quoting an excerpt from Marlon Brando's speech, published in full later. In his words, a kind of confession that the United States should assume for what it committed against the indigenous peoples: “We turned them into beggars on a continent that gave life for as long as life can remember. And by any interpretation of history, however twisted, we did not do right”. (We turned them into beggars on a continent that has given life for as long as life can remember. And by any interpretation of history, however distorted, we did not do it right.)

Donald Trump

In the 2024 campaign for the presidency of the United States, Donald Trump was the star who looked like Hynkel and John Wayne, leading many experts to doubt his mental health.

In his political performance, Donald Trump has portrayed himself as someone who generates sharp divisions, and his behavior has been the subject of extensive scrutiny and criticism. He has frequently attributed responsibility to others for actions that he himself is responsible for, as evidenced when he criticized Hillary Clinton for using a personal email server during her time as Secretary of State, while it was later revealed that he also used an unsecured personal cell phone while in office.

His rhetoric has become increasingly aggressive over time, often using terms associated with violence to describe immigrants and others he sees as threats. There is growing concern that Trump may be experiencing cognitive decline, with experts pointing to changes in his speech, language and reasoning. At a recent rally, his statements were often confusing and rambling, leading some to speculate that he may be suffering from some sort of brain disease.

Donald Trump recently launched a meme coin, raising questions about the legality and ethics of a president obtaining financial benefits while in office. This move has been interpreted as a way in which Donald Trump is using his political position for personal gain. These examples demonstrate how Trump's behavior is widely considered problematic and controversial by many people.

First decisions

Donald Trump implemented a series of controversial decisions when he took office for the second time in 2025 as president of the United States. Among these, the most notable were the withdrawal of the country from the Paris Agreement, the declaration of an emergency on the border with Mexico and the granting of presidential pardons to more than 1.500 individuals involved in the invasion of the Capitol on January 6, 2021. One of the most severe decisions was the declaration of an emergency on the border with Mexico. This measure was intended to curb illegal immigration, enabling the deployment of troops and the allocation of resources to strengthen security in the area.

However, this decision resulted in a humanitarian crisis at the border, with thousands of immigrants being detained in inadequate conditions and family separations occurring, including children being taken away from their parents. The strict anti-immigrant policy negatively affected the image of the United States in the international context, being perceived as an isolationist approach and contrary to human rights.

In the face of so much nonsense, it is very difficult to believe that “During his inauguration ceremony on January 20, 2025, Donald Trump sent a clear message to the black and Latino communities, committing to transform Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream into reality. He expressed gratitude for the support and votes received from these communities, emphasizing that he paid attention to their voices throughout the campaign and that he intends to collaborate with them in the years to come. However, critics note that his policies and proposals diverge from the principles defended by Martin Luther King Jr.”

The unemployment situation and lack of labor rights led blacks, browns and whites to unite against Joe Biden, even though the country's economy was doing well. The slogan “Make America Great AgainDonald Trump's MAGA is based on a series of policies and projects aimed at strengthening the US economy, increasing national security and promoting a more isolationist stance in international relations. Trump aims to boost the American economy by reducing regulations, encouraging fossil fuel production and withdrawing the US from the Paris Agreement. He believes that these measures will make America more independent and prosperous.

Donald Trump's national security policy includes building a wall on the border with Mexico, reinstating the "stay in mexico” and stepped up deportations of illegal immigrants. He also plans to designate drug cartels as terrorist organizations and use the Alien Enemies Act to remove them. Donald Trump has adopted a more isolationist stance, withdrawing the US from international agreements and focusing on “America First” policies.

This includes temporarily suspending foreign assistance programs and reviewing treaties to ensure they are aligned with his administration’s goals. These policies reflect Donald Trump’s vision of a strong, independent America focused on its own interests, often at the expense of international cooperation and human rights. Among these measures, the one that most clearly demonstrates Donald Trump’s love for John Wayne is undoubtedly the “stay in mexico".

What is it about… The campaign “stay in mexico“, formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), was first implemented during the previous Donald Trump administration in January 2019. The policy required asylum seekers from most Latin American countries to be sent back to Mexico while their cases were processed in U.S. immigration courts. The policy was highly controversial, as many critics argued that it placed migrants in precarious and dangerous conditions, leaving them vulnerable to pressure from drug cartels in the border region.

The Biden administration attempted to end the program, but faced legal obstacles that prevented it from being completely suspended. In January 2025, the Trump administration announced the reinstatement of the program, claiming that it would help deter fraudulent asylum claims.

The wars necessary for capitalism

In relation to the current necessary wars, which are relevant to the continuation of capital accumulation, Donald Trump has used the diplomacy of force. He has implemented several controversial policies regarding global conflicts, such as the war between Russia and Ukraine, the genocide in Gaza and the clashes on the African continent. In the context of Russia and Ukraine, Donald Trump has adopted a transactional perspective, pressuring Kiev to negotiate with Moscow and threatening to cut off military assistance if Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky did not cooperate.

He also signaled the possibility of imposing severe sanctions on Russia if Vladimir Putin did not agree to dialogue. Donald Trump saw the conflict as a reflection of Joe Biden's foreign policy legacy and was determined to resolve it quickly.

The situation regarding the ceasefire and humanitarian assistance in Gaza presents a complex picture. A ceasefire was recently implemented between Israel and Hamas, offering a temporary respite after 15 months of intense fighting. This agreement provides for the gradual release of hostages and prisoners, as well as the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza region. However, the humanitarian reality remains critical. Hundreds of trucks carrying humanitarian supplies, including food and fuel, have been arriving in Gaza; however, the distribution of these resources continues to face serious difficulties due to the disorganization and devastation resulting from the bombings.

Organizations such as the UN and other international bodies are working to provide food assistance, resupply hospitals and restore essential infrastructure. However, conditions remain dire, with a looming famine and a collapsing health system. The ceasefire is expected to gradually improve the living conditions of the Gaza population.

Regarding conflicts in Africa, Donald Trump has signed several executive orders that have negatively affected the continent, including suspending foreign assistance programs and reassessing trade agreements. His transactional approach has complicated the resolution of crises on the continent and weakened bilateral relations with African countries. These policies express Trump’s vision of a robust and self-interested America, often to the detriment of international cooperation and human rights.

Donald Trump has implemented several controversial policies toward Latin America. He has stressed the need to crack down on immigration, including mass deportations, and has proposed imposing tariffs on cross-border trade with Mexico. Trump has also threatened to impose 100 percent tariffs on Mexico, regardless of the trade agreement known as USMCA. In addition, other trade agreements, such as CAFTA-DR and bilateral agreements with Colombia, Chile and Panama, are likely to undergo revision under the “America First” policy.

Trump’s rhetoric has often involved claims that immigrants are contaminating the American “gene pool,” a stance that has generated criticism and concern. However, leaders such as Nayib Bukele of El Salvador and Javier Milei of Argentina may become close allies of Trump, and may be invited to visit the White House. These policies reflect the aforementioned vision of Donald Trump: a robust America focused on its own interests, often to the detriment of international cooperation and human rights.

BRICS

Donald Trump has taken a very critical stance towards BRICS, the economic bloc formed by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. He has expressed concerns about the impact of BRICS on the US economy and has threatened to implement 100% tariffs on products from these countries if they decide to replace the dollar in their trade transactions.

Donald Trump has also criticized US trade agreements with the BRICS countries, claiming that the United States runs trade deficits with nearly all of them. Furthermore, Trump demonstrated a certain lack of knowledge when he incorrectly mentioned that Spain was a member of BRICS, causing confusion and apprehension in Madrid. His reactive and confrontational approach to BRICS reflects his protectionist and unilateral view of international relations.

These policies and statements by Donald Trump demonstrate an attempt to safeguard the American economy, but they also reveal a lack of understanding of global economic interdependence and the importance of strategic partnerships with emerging nations. The episode of the deportation of illegal immigrants to Brazil. Once again, with the usual brutality, it affected all Brazilians. However, the incident served as a message to the BRICS.

Donald Trump, more than strength, has shown his vulnerability, like Hynkel played by Chaplin: the fear that the dollar will no longer be the world currency. The country already has serious problems managing its internal debt. The dollar, which guarantees stability despite the debt, could stop entering John Wayne's country, complicating the dictator's situation.

The US public debt is of great significance. At present, the US national debt has exceeded the US$34 trillion mark (approximately R$167,2 trillion), which represents approximately 98% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In recent years, the US public debt has experienced rapid growth, largely due to increased government spending and reduced tax revenue.

Donald Trump has implemented several policies that directly affect Brazil. During his second term, he issued a series of executive orders, including the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement and the declaration of a state of emergency on the border with Mexico. These actions demonstrate protectionist and imperialist rhetoric, raising concerns in multiple sectors. The repercussions of these decisions for Brazil include areas such as trade, migration and environmental issues.

Agribusiness, which plays a crucial role in the Brazilian economy, faces a combination of opportunities and challenges in light of the new US guidelines. For example, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports by the US could harm Brazilian exports to the US market, especially in the steel and aluminum sectors. Additionally, the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement could jeopardize global efforts to combat climate change, negatively impacting Brazil, which is already susceptible to extreme weather events.

Donald Trump’s stricter immigration policies could also complicate conditions for Brazilian students and professionals seeking opportunities in the United States. These policies manifest (again, for emphasis) Trump’s vision of promoting a robust and self-interested America, often at the expense of international cooperation and human rights.

Donald Trump’s position on Brazil seems to be reflected in the message he sent to Brazil. When journalist Raquel Krähenbühl asked Trump about his relationship with Brazil, it was once again clear that Trump is Trump (with his trickery and truculence) when he replied to the journalist: “they need us, much more than we need them.” Additionally, he raised questions about Brazil’s participation in discussions related to the negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, expressing surprise at Brazil’s involvement.

The pardon of Donald Trump and the weakening of the Judiciary

Donald Trump’s pardon of prisoners in connection with the January 6, 2021, attacks in Washington could indeed affect the process of holding those responsible for the January 8, 1.500 attacks in Brasília accountable. Donald Trump offered clemency to more than XNUMX people who participated in the invasion of the Capitol, including leaders of extremist groups and people convicted of violent crimes. This decision was interpreted as an attempt to rewrite the narrative of the events and undermine the Justice Department’s efforts to hold those involved accountable.

Donald Trump’s choice has sparked criticism and concerns about its impact on law enforcement and public perceptions of justice. Many fear that the pardon could undermine trust in the justice system and encourage similar behavior in the future. Furthermore, the move could hamper efforts to hold accountable those who participated in other attacks, such as those carried out on January 8 in Brasília, by setting a precedent of impunity for political violence.

Opera summary

Given the natural and social limitations that capitalism faces worldwide, opportunities for its expansion have emerged, both geographically and in terms of innovation. With globalization virtually complete, the next step may involve the colonization of space. Missions to Mars and the exploration of other celestial bodies are seen by some as a new frontier for capitalist expansion, with asteroid mining and the establishment of space colonies representing ways to create new markets and resources.

Another area of ​​growth is technological innovation. The digital revolution and artificial intelligence bring new possibilities for economic growth. Automation, smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT) exemplify how technology can create markets and transform traditional sectors. Biotechnology and genetic engineering also offer the promise of breakthroughs that could result in significant profits and new industries.

Furthermore, capitalism can seek its growth through sustainability and the green economy. As natural resources become limited, the circular economy and renewable energy present pathways to more sustainable economic development. Companies that invest in clean technologies and environmentally responsible practices can discover new opportunities in the market and increase their competitiveness.

However, these expansions also bring ethical, social and environmental challenges. Space exploration raises questions about ownership and governance of new territories, while technological revolutions can exacerbate social and economic inequalities. The quest for sustainability requires a paradigm shift that transcends immediate profit, taking into account the well-being of future generations and the protection of the environment.

Therefore, the expansion necessary for capitalism involves exploring new frontiers, whether spatial, technological or sustainable. However, it is essential that this expansion be accompanied by ethical reflection and policies that ensure inclusion, social justice and protection of the planet.

Within capitalism, there is no place for minorities, immigrants, or “inclusion, social justice, and protection of the planet.” At this point, the evidence indicates that only destruction can drive the accumulation of capital and the reproduction of capitalism. In this mode of production, a balance between economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability is not possible.

I reiterate: it seems that today on the planet there is only room for destruction for accumulation. So much so that the president of Colombia, Gustavo Petro, wrote a precise and poetic letter proclaiming to the four winds: “You can try to overthrow me, President [Trump], but the Americas and humanity will respond.”

*João dos Reis Silva Junior is a full professor in the Department of Education at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). Author of, among other books, Education, Class Society and University Reforms (Associated Authors) [https://amzn.to/4fLXTKP]

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